Compliance monitoring forms a major component of environmental monitoring in Australia. Strong regulatory and licensing structures in most states underpin the need for the activity. The costs to industry of compliance are recurring and often costly. Traditional compliance has involved a component of sampling, manual field measurement, some automated telemetered data provision and reporting. With the rapid changes in monitoring technologies (sensors, telemetry and data management packages) the traditional approaches are in many cases no longer best practice, efficient or cost effective. Inefficiencies in compliance monitoring are common as monitoring requirements tend to grow iteratively and there is seldom the time to assess the overall costs of compliance monitoring and to look at more efficient ways to achieve the desired outcome.